Personal Statement on International Studies

The dominant reason behind why I’ve decided to undertake an MA in International Studies is because I see that the world is ceasing to be a localised experience for the bulk of its populous and is, instead, a global municipal which requires a unique set of skills and knowledge than has previously not been needed.   My life’s goal is to try and make a difference in the world but, in order to be truly effective in this pursuit, I must first fully understand what the world needs and how best to meet those needs.   Whilst studying for my undergraduate degree, I focused my studies on race, culture, human relations and human rights and I hope to further enhance my comprehension of these through the completion of an MA in International Studies. Culture is something which, in my opinion, has taken on an entirely new meaning in the 21st Century.   To me, culture, in international terms, involves the promotion of human advancement.   This includes the acceptance of diversity and the distribution of this knowledge with a view to strengthening international relations.   In doing this, we hold the potential to cure some of the world’s ills and begin to overcome significant global concerns including: illegal immigration, global concerns (such as terrorism) and the economy.   No longer is it possible to just be a specialist in your own culture – now it is far more crucial to be well-versed in global cultures and it is my belief that an MA in International Studies would assist me in reaching this goal. Academically, I have experienced a range of educational settings.   My High School education was carried out whilst travelling around the world (most notably, North America, China and Europe) whilst performing alongside various musicians.   It was then that my interest in global culture began pique as I was exposed to a wide spectrum of cultural experiences – experiencing them first-hand.   I am proud of my education as I was able to learn a set curriculum whilst also having additional lessons from people I met on the road; this was particularly prevalent in my study of literature as I was frequently recommended to read particular books.   I grew up whilst surrounded by interesting and intelligent college graduates who placed a strong emphasis on the pleasure of learning and so I was socialised to think in much the same way and ultimately, my pursuit of further qualifications is largely due to my love of learning for the sake of learning.   My grade point average in High School was 3.6 and I actually graduated a year early – demonstrating my commitment to excellent standards and to pushing myself harder and further than before.   I am due to complete my undergraduate degree from California State University Northridge in the fall of 2011, having majored in Humanities and Liberal Studies – minoring in Cultural Anthropology.   My grade point average has been 3.3 throughout my studies here and I have been placed on the Dean’s Honours List during my senior year. I have also proven myself to be a capable member of a workforce and I have been fortunate enough to take part in three internships with the Southern California Gas Company in the sectors of public relations, business and health and safety.   During my time at university, I have worked five days a week from 5am for the last two and a half years.   I like to think that this demonstrates my commitment to hard work and that it shows me to be capable of taking on challenges and meeting them to the best of my ability.   The fact that I have been able to complete my education (thus far) to a high ability whilst still maintaining a busy working life simultaneously, I think proves me to be capable and determined. On top of this, I have also been an active member of my university’s Anthropology Club, Water Ski Team and Volunteer Program in which I helped under-privileged High School children with their studies in Maths and Science.   I enjoyed this so much that I also worked at my local YMCA with young people.   I also volunteered for Habitat for Humanity through Sempra Energy as well as Rio Vista Elementary Saturday Academy.   For fun, I was also actively involved with the gas company’s softball team.   In my spare time, I enjoy sports such as softball, swimming, golf, football and scuba diving.   I am still a busy musician and regularly record songs I have written and crafted myself as well as still actively travelling and exploring the world. My goals are to complete a PhD following my masters and in doing this, I hope to apply my knowledge and skills to seeking plausible solutions to problems which will help to make a more cohesive world.   In carrying out an MA, I would like to advance my understanding of international relations as well as being able to critically analyse fields of international interest such as politics, culture, economics, communication and law in order to better understand what is needed and how I can provide it on the global world stage.

Science Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge

The question, â€Å"What is science?† has a complicated answer. Is science doing lab experiments or sifting through layers of soil to find artifacts? Is science making observations through telescopes of the movements of heavenly bodies or discovering through microscopes the processes of cell division? Is science about explaining natural phenomena or learning about the life of a coral reef? We all know that science is all of these. But, what is science? According to the Science Council (http://www.sciencecouncil.org), â€Å"Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.† This website further states: Scientific methodology includes the following: †¢ Objective observation: Measurement and data (possibly although not necessarily using mathematics as a tool) †¢ Evidence †¢ Experiment and/or observation as benchmarks for testing hypotheses †¢ Induction: reasoning to establish general rules or conclusions drawn from facts or examples †¢ Repetition †¢ Critical analysis †¢ Verification and testing: critical exposure to scrutiny, peer review and assessment I believe this is a very good definition of science. Science is the process of discovering the workings of the universe and everything in it by systematic study and experimentation. Therefore, any endeavour which fits into the scientific methodology described above could be considered science whether it is traditionally called science orShow MoreRelatedScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesdisciples pertaining to Science, Math, Technology and Engineering provide a broad spectrum of knowledge and opportunity for segregated sectors of discovery and interpretation. Each spectrum offers and promotes different methodology and ideology yet work together. Educators and researchers use crossed disciplinary approaches to satisfy the needs of our societal demands in this new and upcoming culture. According to the dictionary Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understandingRead MoreThe Intellectual Pursuit and Its Social Counterpart in Frankenstein1056 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Pursuit and Its Social Counterpart Victor Frankenstein, as a scientist, has a burning passion and an infinite curiosity for the science of reanimation. After spending years studying what is known of the subject, Victor makes a discovery that would have been considered an enormous scientific breakthrough. However, once Frankenstein applies this new science, the science becomes a detriment to society, never to be attempted again. Frankenstein ignored the social implications of the science of reanimationRead MoreMoral And Ethical Issues In Frankenstein Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion of all science fiction can be summed up by this sentence: â€Å"‘If this goes on, where will it lead?’†(Sawyer) By asking this basic, yet perplexing question, writers extrapolate on a known scientific principle to its most extreme case, and thereby create a catalyst for the events of the stories they write. Inside this story, the innate natures and behaviors of human beings are revealed through the charactersâ₠¬â„¢ reaction to the new threat that an advance in technology or scientific knowledge presentsRead MoreA Positive Perspective On The Pursuit Of Knowledge1278 Words   |  6 Pagesis essential in the pursuit of knowledge†. The knower has to have a positive perspective in order to attempt to pursue the knowledge that the knower desires. To pursue something, there has to be a motive or drive for the knower to do so. I feel like without the positive perspective to drive the knower’s desire to gain knowledge, the pursuit of knowledge is meaningless to the knower. Even if knowledge is gained, the knowledge becomes meaningless because there is no application. Knowing means the knowerRead MoreTechnology and Morality in Shelleys Frankenstein - Is Knowledge Always Evil?952 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein: Is Knowledge Always Evil? nbsp; As of this writing, I have decided to regard the local TV channels The more you know... commercials as being evil. I do not understand how anyone could regard knowledge as anything but evil. The more you know... the more your mind feels the need to explorer for more knowledge and the more evil it will encounter. The more you search, the more ignorant you realize you are and the more open to pain you become. Who needs to have the knowledge possessedRead MoreStatement of Purpose962 Words   |  4 Pagesin my academic pursuits by increasing my hunger for knowledge but ensured that I was amongst the best in all my classes. What can be more interesting and fascinating than the structure of the world around us? I asked myself this question when I was deciding which course to pursue in my undergraduate studies. I knew two things at the time; the first was that the world can be thought of as a vault of data and secondly, that mathematical statistics is basically the science of extractingRead MoreApplication for Master Degree in Theory and Computational Science955 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehensive foundation in the field of Computer Science. Within this field, I have developed a deep interest in the area of Theory and Computational Science. More specifically I find algorithms and theory of computation the most appealing areas due to their application in solving many real world problems. My undergraduate course in the field of Electronics Engineering has given me a comprehensive exposure to all the core fields of computer science and mathematics. In my junior year, I participatedRead MoreIs Science Dangerous? By Lewis Wolpert955 Words   |  4 PagesIn his commentary â€Å"Is science dangerous?†, Lewis Wolpert attempts to answer the age-old question of whether knowledge (and therefore science, as the source of knowledge), poses a risk to society. In order to do so, he makes a crucial differentiation between pure science as knowledge that enhances our understanding of the world, and technology, which is the application of scientific research (Wolpert 281). If we agree that pure science is void of morality, then the real question becomes: does theRead MorePresident Park Geun Hye Of South Korea1606 Words   |  7 Pagescertain type of effects to the people’s pursuit of knowledge. Using examples from astrology/science and history, I would investigate whet her knower’s perspective is always or is not essential in the pursuit of knowledge through usage of language and emotions. In this essay, perspective is defined as a concept or opinion built upon one’s experience or background such as gender, race, religious position, historical era, education experiences, and ‘pursuit of knowledge’ as act of learning or researchingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Monster 1482 Words   |  6 PagesES 124 Book Project Question (60 points) Ms. Nguyen Winter 2017 Your answers should be typed, using MLA format A. Knowledge 1. Write the title of your book and the author’s name 2. List the characters and describe them a. Captain Robert Walton: As a failing writer, he sets out on a voyage to the North Pole in hopes of the fame in new scientific discoveries. He rescues the main character, Victor Frankenstein, and record the story as told by Frankenstein. b. Victor Frankenstein: Frankenstein narrates

Stress Management Among Bank Employees Free Essays

string(191) " about how stress can affect you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your optimal stress level \(OSL\) or if you are experiencing negative stress\." INTRODUCTION: Pressure is part and parcel of all work and helps to keep one motivated. But excessive pressure can lead to stress, which undermines performance, is costly to employers and can make people ill. Stress is ubiquitous and has become an integral part of everyday living, an unavoidable consequence of modern living. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management Among Bank Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stress is a condition of strain that has a direct bearing on emotions, thought process and physical conditions of a person. During the past decade, the banking sector had under gone rapid and striking changes like policy changes, increased competition due to the entrance of more private sector banks, introduction of new technologies, etc. Due to these changes, the employees in the banking sector are experiencing a high level of stress. Bank employees admit that stress is affecting their jobs, family life and health. Unpredictable economy, pressure to maintain profitability and increased responsibilities are main causes of stress. OBJECTIVES †¢ To analyze the origin and growth level of banking sector in Tirupur region To analyze the level of job stress among bank employees in Tirupur region. †¢ To analyze the contribution of over load, authority, conflict and Lack of Support from colic’s to the job stress among bank employees in Tirupur region. †¢ To analyze the importance of interventional strategies at organizational level to manage stress among bank employees. †¢ To analyze th e role of stress in interpersonal relationship †¢ To evaluate the progress, goals and success of stress management programme organized by the banks †¢ To give suitable suggestions to the banking sector to develop tressless working condition among the bank employees (1. 1) CONCEPT OF STRESS (1. 1. 1) INTRODUCTION TO STRESS A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions: Views have been passionately held and aggressively defended. What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore be obvious†¦except that it is not. Definition: Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was that â€Å"stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental. † Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative. Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a â€Å"bad thing†, with a range of harmful biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations. The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S Lazarus) is that, Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that â€Å"demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. † In short, it’s what we feel when we think we’ve lost control of events. This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we also recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think. The types of stress are as follows Mechanical †¢Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area. †¢Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. †¢Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction. Biological Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include: a) Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder b) Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning c) Workplace stress, stress caused by employment Music †¢Accent (music). †¢Stress (band), an early ’80s melodic rock band from San Diego. †¢Stress (punk band), an ear ly ’80s punk rock band from Athens. †¢Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980’s. †¢Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album Other Stress (game), card game †¢Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language Chronic stress Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is potentially damaging. Symptoms of chronic stress can be: †¢Upset stomach †¢Headache †¢Backache †¢Insomnia †¢Anxiety †¢Depression †¢Anger is the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder. There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies. 1. 1. 2) what is Stress? Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment ands, leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossib le to live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult. There is both positive and negative stress, depending on each individual’s unique perception of the tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also known as eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal effectiveness and efficiency. Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and vibrancy to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to make the most of our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep this in mind, as stress management refers to using stress to our advantage, and not on eradicating the presence of stress in our lives. On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and in extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as a motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have an adverse impact on your health and relationships. Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. You read "Stress Management Among Bank Employees" in category "Papers" This knowledge will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps seek professional help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to managing your stress levels. Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional frictions. Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause greater levels of stress. How do you identify if you are suffering from excessive stress? Psychological symptoms commonly experienced include insomnia, headaches and an inability to focus. Physical symptoms take the form of heart palpitations, breathlessness, excessive sweating and stomachaches. What causes stress? There are many different causes of stress, and that which causes stress is also known as a stressor. Common lifestyle stressors include performance, threat, and bereavement stressors, to name a few. Performance stressors are triggered when an individual is placed in a situation where he feels a need to excel. This could be during performance appraisals, lunch with the boss, or giving a speech. Threat stressors are usually when the current situation poses a dangerous threat, such as an economic downturn, or from an accident. Lastly, bereavement stressors occur when there is a sense of loss such as the death of a loved one, or a prized possession. Thus, there are various stressors, and even more varied methods and techniques of dealing with stress and turning it to our advantages. In order to do so, we must learn to tell when we have crossed the line from positive to negative stress. Good stress v/s Bad stress: Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our mphasis should be on differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of positive stress to help us achieve more. There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst positive stres s can be very helpful for us. Here’s how we differentiate between them. Eustress: This is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the imminent challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your body which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Athletes before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed. Distress: We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs when there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress and chronic stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other hand, chronic stress persists over a long period of time. Trigger events for distress can be a change in job scope or routine that the person is unable to handle or cope with. Hyper stress: This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over insignificant issues, the proverbial straws hat broke the camel’s back. It is important for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and chronic physical and psychological reactions. Hypo stress: Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress; hence so me stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement some form of job rotation so that there is always something new to learn. The types of stress are named as eustress and distress. Distress is the most commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications; whereas eustress is a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in person’s life. Both can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature, depending on a person’s way of adapting to a change that has caused it. (1. 1. ) Coping with Stress at Work place With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have also increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term â€Å"Monday Blues†. What is the reason for this? There is partly the fear from being retrenched in bedtimes, leading to greater job insecurity on the part of those who remain. Undoubtedly, occupational stress is one of the most commonly cited stressors fa ced by people all over the world. Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results in psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivation and increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such as reduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolated and disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Many companies have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways to increase connectedness and motivation of their employees. Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at work. These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secure at their jobs, translating into greater productivity. However, not all companies have such measures in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure that you can cope with stress at your workplace, and use it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps to help you with coping with stress in the workplace. Step 1: Raising Awareness Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping the scales from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signs of being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leading to disastrous consequences to your health and overall wellbeing. You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physical or psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience any of these reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negative emotions, and if you are constantly worried. Step 2: Identify the Cause You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the rise in stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer to things beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues at work. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we only start reacting to stress when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope. Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negative emotions, or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change the way that we cope with it. Step 3: Coping with Stress In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calm your mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positive way. This can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situation is triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself from it. Go outside and take a walk to calm down. Alternatively, you can try implementing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internal stressor, stop your thought process until you are able to deal with it logically. The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are not instantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice them so that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed. (1. 1. 4) Stress Management Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked ith stress. Like â€Å"stress reactions†, â€Å"relaxation responses† and stress management techniques are some of the body’s important built-in response systems. As relaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the ‘fight or flight’ situation prompt the body to replace the l ost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don’t get relaxing and soothing situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations. Recognizing a stressor: It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times, even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts to it internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us through symptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various body aches that something is wrong. It is important to remain attentive to such symptoms and to learn to cope with the situations. We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them voluntarily. In case of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports or having a baby, we tend to respond positively under stress. But, when we are compelled into such situations against our will or knowledge, more often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown and imagined threats. For instance, stress may mount when one is coerced into undertaking some work against one’s will. How to cite Stress Management Among Bank Employees, Papers

Australia and New Zealand National Bank Ltd.

Question: In your group of two maintain a portfolio of three financial news articles and critically evaluate how the financial issue in each article relates to the theory studied in class. Analyse similarities, differences between issues in the articles studied and theory learned in class and make a conclusion concerning the application of financial theory in real life for each article. You may need to do additional research to understand certain terms in the articles. Calculations are encouraged if the article contains data. Answer: Article 1 Retail Sales is nearly viewed by both the investors. Such an indicator tracks the dollar worth of stock sold inside the retail trade by taking a sample of organizations occupied with the business of providing and selling to customers especially the end products. Both settled and fixed POS businesses i.e. point of sale and non-store retailers, (for example, vending machines and mail catalogs) are utilized as a part of the data sample. On the off chance that retail sales development is slowing or stalled, this implies purchasers are not spending within the previous levels, and could flag a retreat because of the noteworthy individual consumption within the health of the economy. One of the most essential variables the investors ought to note when seeing the indicator is the manner by which far away the reported figure is from the purported agreed or street number. All in all, the stock market does not like surprises, so an assume that is higher than anticipated, actually when the econo my is murmuring along well, could trigger selling of bonds and stocks, as inflationary reasons for alarm would be esteemed higher than anticipated. Retail spending is still delicate, as the consumer confidence that is weak and fragile exceeds any kind of boost and development from falling petrol prices. The retail trade within Australia climbed 0.2% in December, which was not in accordance with the expectations of the economists yet was quite stabilized than the Novembers rise of 0.1%(AAP, 2015). The output as a result was weighed around a 0.9% decline in the spending of departmental store and a 0.4% decline in the category of household units. Rates will stay low and there will be more rate slices to come, so may lighten a percentage of the weights on household plans of the family and enhance the confidence about the standpoint. An enhancement in the confidence index of the consumers is required for retail spending so that it can leap/bound backward significantly. Retail deals sales ought to make a strong commitment to GDP development in the final quarter however if there is a reluctance for the strength extrapolation to non-retail spending given retail has been a poor manual for the recent spending of aggregate household spending. Over the December quarter, there was a rise in the retail sales by 1.5% to $69.435 billion which seemed to be seasonally balanced. Article 2 Greece lost a basic financing course as the European Central Bank confined credits to its financial system that created pressure on the 10-day-old government to yield to the austerity demands of the German to stay in the euro zone. The Euro and Greeks reduced with the explanation of ECB. The Global X FTSE Greece 20 ETF of Greek stocks dove 10.4% in accordance with the trading within New York. The single cash slid 1.2 percent to $1.1345 in New York. The European Central Banks hadn't openly flagged that it should make such move as soon as possible. On Jan. 8, the national bank said it would proceed with the waiver in accordance with the supposition that there would be an audit from Greece of its bailout program that is current and at its present, which lapses on 28th Feb, and arrange another. The Greek saving money framework remains enough promoted and completely secured under Emergency Liquidity Assistance i.e. ELA. The legislature stays unfaltering on its program of social salvation and is arranging to draw up European approach "that puts an end authoritatively to the now fortifying toward self-reinforcing crisis of the Greek social economy. ELA is estimated at a yearly investment rate of 1.55% contrasted and the current refinancing rate of European Central Banks with 0.05%(Black, 2015). As Greece's lenders line up to contradict the nation's interest for an obligation rebuilding and moving back starkness, Tsipras' refusal to acknowledge more bailout advances may bring about a crunch in cash. The ECB choice "does demonstrate that the truth is going to be situated sooner or later. Tsipras and Varoufakis will have gone by seven European urban areas between them not long from now after their Syriza party's won the elections of Jan. 25 on a hostile to somberness stage. Their requests for updating the terms of Greece's bailout bundle have been met with safety and caution in Berlin and Brussels. The following move is dependent upon Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, who c leared to power guaranteeing to turn around five years of spending cuts that went hand in hand with 240 billion euros ($272 billion) of bailout credits. The ECB move came hours before the Finance chief of Greek, Yanis Varoufakis, was to meet Germany's Wolfgang Schaeuble in Berlin and hours after he met ECB President Mario Draghi. Article 3 ANZ = Australia and New Zealand, NAB = National Bank Ltd. Taking after the proclamation of a 25-bps i.e. basis points cut by CBA and a 28-bps i.e. basis point cut by Westpac, NAB will bring down its standard variable home loan rate (SVR) by 25 bps focuses to 5.63%. ANZ has matched that move that left the two banks with the equivalent most minimal standard variable home loan rates among the huge four. Similarly as with CBA and Westpac, NAB's clients will need to sit tight until February 20 for the rate diminishment to take impact on their home loans. Be that as it may, ANZ clients will get lower home loan rates from Feb 12. Wholesale funding expenses have facilitated a tad bit throughout the most recent year or thereabouts and that is taken a little bit of the pressure off. The enormous four banks took 11 days overall to pass on a rate slice to variable home credit clients, yet figured out how to pass on the climb in rate in only seven days. National Australia Bank would appear to effectively have the capacity to bear the cost of the rate cu t, today reporting a $1.8 billion unaudited profit for the December quarter in its most recent update of the trade(Janda, 2015). The bank's favored measure of money income was $1.65 billion throughout the previous three months of 2014, up 6% on the former comparing period. According to NAB, income climbed 4%, but was up a more unobtrusive 2% barring different sales of the assets. Costs fell in general, yet barring one-offs, expenses expanded by around 4%. NAB is about to exit the underperforming US and UK organizations, and has recorded robust development in its key Australian market. Australian home loaning keeps on producing solid development and has now conveyed 20 back to back quarters of above development of the systems. While the change in the critical franchise of the business banking establishment will require some investment, volume development is presently around framework levels and that is decently best in class on the employing of extra business investors and bankers. Bibliography AAP, 2015. Yahoo Finance. [Online] Available at: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/retail-spending-stays-sluggish-011922315.html Black, J., 2015. Greece Loses ECB Funds, Raising Pressure to Yield to Austerity. Bloomberg, 4 February, pp. 1-3. Janda, M., 2015. ANZ, NAB pass on 25bp rate cut; NAB announces $1.8b three-month profit. ABC Business News, 5 February, pp. 1-2.